Results: We here report the cellular and molecular changes in Falun Gong practitioners’ PMNs that may attribute to enhanced immunity, alteration of apoptotic properties in favor of a rapid resolution of inflammation, as well as PMNs longevity based upon a much more economical balance of protein synthesis and degradation.

Conclusions: Our studies suggest that Falun Gong practice alters immunity, cell death, and protein metabolic rate in a systemic fashion. Our findings further suggest that a new paradigm is urgently needed to understand the holistic link between human mind, body and spirit.

Background:
There has been increasing interest in the phenomena of mind-body relationships, a subject that has not been subjected to systematic scientific investigation due to its complex nature. However, there is ample evidence accumulated throughout history to support the powerful physical effects of practices that are directed towards the mind or spirit.

Such practices include both religious and non-religious cultivation practices. In Western societies, faith-based religious practices are predominant while the Eastern culture emphasizes the practice of physical and mental disciplines, such as yoga, meditation, tai qi (tai ji quan), karate and most recently, an ancient cultivation practice, Falun Gong, also known as Falun Dafa ( www.falundafa.org). While the health benefits of yoga, meditation and prayer have been documented and partly recognized by the general public, the mechanisms that underlie such apparent effects are not well understood at the physiological level. Very little has been documented and systematically studied at the cellular or molecular level. On the other hand, major technological progress has been made in the area of biological research that now allows rapid and precise monitoring of many of the detailed molecular events inside of a single cell. Many diseases can now be traced to the level of individual molecular defects in cells. Thus, it is now feasible to tackle the phenomena that are consistently associated with spiritual practices by mapping the physical manifestations of the effects of these practices at the cellular and molecular level.

There are several well-recognized difficulties in conducting research on mind-body subject. First, it is commonly observed that there is a wide range of variability among practitioners of the same practice. Second, there also has been the lack of a large number of practitioners who consistently practicing one type of practice. Because of these factors, the results of such studies are frequently questioned for not being generally representative or applicable. The practice of Falun Gong, however, exhibits unique features that allow more systematic studies of mind-body relationships. These features are:
1) In comparison to many other practices, Falun Gong exhibits very dramatic and powerful effects on the practitioners. During 1998, five independent health surveys were conducted in Beijing, Wuhan, the region around the city of Dalian , and Guandong Province by local medical institutions. They are the most systematic and comprehensive health surveys done on Falun Dafa practitioners to date. The surveys concluded that Falun Gong had provided significant health and fitness benefits to more than 98% of its practitioners. A report on the survey of Beijing area practitioners is available online (http://www.pureinsight.org/pi/articles/2002/4/11/184.html).
2) There are a large number of Falun Gong practitioners, currently already exceeding 100 million (www.faluninfo.net). Furthermore, the practice itself emphasizes the principal of “Do Not Follow Two Paths At the Same Time,” so the practitioners are consistently only practicing Falun Gong.
3) There is a wide range of practitioners, differing in gender, age, professions, and cultural or ethnic background. Despite such different backgrounds, the healing effects on different diseases are consistent. Thus the health effects from practicing Falun Gong appear not to be linked to many factors that have been considered to complicate the interpretations of studies of similar nature.

These features of Falun Gong suggest that modern biological or biophysical technologies can be applied here to reach a deeper level of confirmation or understanding of the molecular manifestation of spiritual practice on our human body. Since the immune system has been previously shown to be highly sensitive to environmental and psychological changes, we carried out studies to examine the effect of Falun Gong practice on the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), which are relatively short-lived but are produced in large quantity during the immune responses and play critical roles in innate immunity. Studies at the cellular level reveal increased bactericidal activities of PMNs from Falun Gong practitioners. Furthermore, Falun Gong practitioners’ PMNs exhibit increased life span in the absence of stimulation from agents such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but increased apoptosis upon LPS stimulation. Such changes in apoptotic responses of PMNs suggest an alteration of PMN functions in favor of a rapid resolution of inflammation.

We also applied micro-array technology to examine changes in levels of gene expression in PMNs. Drastic system-level changes in gene expression were detected in PMNs of Falun Gong practitioners, while little changes were detected among non-practitioners, despite the differences in age and gender.

Most interestingly, the genes that are regulated in a consensus fashion among the practitioners can be grouped into several functional clusters, which are directly linked to PMN functions in anti-viral immunity, apoptotic property and possibly longevity based upon a much more economical balance of protein synthesis and degradation.

Figures: [Not received]

Discussion:
Biology is the study of life phenomena. The biological research in the last century has taken the approach of dissecting systems into parts, studying the parts in a defined setting with controlled parameters, gathering information about the parts in separate settings, identifying the functions of the parts in the defined settings following a defined hypothesis, and then drawing conclusions regarding the function and functional mechanisms of the parts in the defined system. These studies have now brought us face to face with an extremely complex picture of molecular interactions: a dynamic web of communication between different molecules inside of a cell and the extremely complex and dynamic regulation of the communication web by signals from outside the cell. For the human body, the complexity is further escalated to a uniquely new and high level. At the level of a human body, the communication between a human being and the environment takes a different form in our range of perception, which is something that we can no longer easily detect with physical means. The signals from outside are manifested at a finer or subtler manner. There are vehicles that mediate the exchange of these signals between different human beings. Language in different forms is one of the most well recognized vehicles. Many of the forms of artistic expression of the human spirit can be viewed as vehicles of for these signals: music, painting, sculpture. These human communication “signals” generate “readouts” on the physical body with names such as love, hatred, fear, anger, sad, happiness, which currently belong to the social, psychological and spiritual realms of studies. Such abstract signals in fact exert great impact on the biological systems of a human body, but are currently placed outside of the field of biology. This is primarily due to the fact that current biological research is based on in vitro systems or animal models and therefore cannot test these unique “signals” that are sensed only by the human body and mind. It is therefore important to recognize the limitations of our current knowledge in the field of biology, since it is derived from studies on non-human subjects and using artificial man-made systems. This then raises an important question about what approaches we should take to study the subject of human life phenomena, that is human biology, which is directly relevant to human medicine. The intrusive approaches biologists have been taking to study other organisms are not applicable to studying the human body. The unique mind-body characteristics of a human being cannot be mimicked by any animal models. A new paradigm needs to be established to study the biology of the human body in the least intrusive manner.

Recognizing the unique communication signals that regulate the biology of a human body, we also need to find a way to combine the studies of these human signals, which belong to separate fields of the social sciences, with studies of human biology. In this sense, human biology is at a very unique position to unify many areas of modern sciences, which have been fragmented and considered un-related throughout history. While such studies were not possible due to limited knowledge of the basic components of the human body, we are, however, facing an important revolution in this area, due to the recent development in the areas of genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology and computational biology. These technologies will provide us the ability to make “snap shots” of the molecular communication patterns occurring inside of a cell in a living organism. It is based upon one such technology that we now observe how a spiritual practice can profoundly influence a genome-wide gene expression pattern and shift cell functions to a more economical state.

A thorough verification and expansion of the studies of the impact of Falun Dafa to population health and to gene expression/cell function of human cells will provide a solid proof of concept in this new area of human biology and lay the foundation for future human system studies of a similar nature.

From:http://www.thewholeelephant.net/

Some surveys on health benefits of practicing Falun Gong:
Beijing: http://www.pureinsight.org/pi/articles/2002/4/11/184.html

Taiwan: http://www.pureinsight.org/pi/articles/2004/3/15/2099.html

North America: http://www.pureinsight.org/pi/articles/2003/3/24/1533.html